Uko abantu bakura, niko imikorere y'ubwonko igabanuka cyane. Mu bantu bari hagati y'imyaka 20-49, abenshi batangira kubona igabanuka ry'imikorere y'ubwonko iyo bahuye n'ikibazo cyo kwibagirwa cyangwa kwibagirwa. Ku bantu bari hagati y'imyaka 50-59, kumenya igabanuka ry'imikorere y'ubwonko akenshi biza iyo batangiye kugira igabanuka rigaragara ry'ubushobozi bwo kwibuka.
Mu gihe cyo gushakisha uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere y'ubwonko, abantu b'ingeri zitandukanye bibanda ku bintu bitandukanye. Abantu bari hagati ya 20-29 bakunda kwibanda ku kunoza ibitotsi kugira ngo bongere imikorere y'ubwonko (44.7%), mu gihe abantu bari hagati ya 30-39 bashishikajwe cyane no kugabanya umunaniro (47.5%). Ku bafite hagati ya 40-59, kunoza uburyo bwo kwita ku bintu ni ingenzi mu kunoza imikorere y'ubwonko (imyaka 40-49: 44%, imyaka 50-59: 43.4%).
Ibikoresho bikunzwe cyane ku isoko ry'ubuzima bw'ubwonko mu Buyapani
Mu rwego rwo gukomeza ubuzima bwiza ku isi, isoko ry’ibiribwa bikora neza mu Buyapani ryibanze cyane ku bisubizo ku bibazo byihariye by’ubuzima, aho ubuzima bw’ubwonko ari ikintu cy’ingenzi kibandaho. Ku ya 11 Ukuboza 2024, Ubuyapani bwari bwamaze kwandika ibiribwa bikora neza 1.012 (nk’uko amakuru yemewe abivuga), muri byo 79 byari bifitanye isano n’ubuzima bw’ubwonko. Muri ibyo, GABA ni yo yari ikoreshwa cyane, ikurikirwa nalutein/zeaxanthin, ikivange cy'amababi ya ginkgo (flavonoids, terpenoids),DHA, Bifidobacterium MCC1274, Portulaca oleracea saponins, paclitaxel, imidazolidine peptides,PQQ, na ergothioneine.
1. GABA
GABA (aside γ-aminobutyric) ni aside amine idakoresha poroteyine yabonetse bwa mbere na Steward na bagenzi be mu tunyangingo tw’ibirayi mu 1949. Mu 1950, Roberts n'abandi bavumbuye GABA mu bwonko bw’inyamabere, bwakozwe binyuze mu buryo α-decarboxylation idasubirwaho ya glutamate cyangwa imyunyu yayo, iterwa imbaraga na glutamate decarboxylase.
GABA ni urwego rw'ingenzi rw'imitsi itera ubwonko ruboneka cyane mu mitsi y'inyamabere. Inshingano yayo nyamukuru ni ukugabanya gushyuha kw'imitsi binyuze mu kubuza kohereza ibimenyetso by'imitsi. Mu bwonko, kuringaniza hagati yo gukwirakwiza imitsi itera ubwonko iterwa na GABA n'ikwirakwizwa ry'imitsi riterwa na glutamate ni ingenzi kugira ngo uturemangingo tw'umubiri dukomeze guhagarara neza kandi dukore neza nk'uko bisanzwe.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko GABA ishobora gukumira impinduka zo mu bwonko no kunoza imikorere yo kwibuka no gutekereza. Ubushakashatsi ku nyamaswa bwerekana ko GABA yongera kwibuka igihe kirekire mu mbeba hamwe no kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza no guteza imbere ukwiyongera kw'uturemangingo twa PC-12 tw’imikorere y’ubwonko. Mu igeragezwa rya muganga, GABA byagaragaye ko yongera urugero rw'indwara ya neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mu maraso no kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara dementia na Alzheimer ku bagore bari mu kigero cyo hagati.
Byongeye kandi, GABA igira ingaruka nziza ku marangamutima, imihangayiko, umunaniro, no gusinzira. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko uruvange rwa GABA na L-theanine rushobora kugabanya igihe cyo gusinzira, kongera igihe cyo gusinzira, no kongera ikoreshwa rya GABA na glutamate GluN1 receptor subunits.
2. Lutein/Zeaxanthin
Luteinni carotenoide irimo ogisijeni igizwe n'ibisigazwa umunani bya isoprene, polyene idafite amazi irimo imigozi icyenda ibiri, yinjiza kandi igatanga urumuri ku bunini bw'urumuri runaka, ibi bikaba biyiha imiterere yihariye y'amabara.Zeaksantineni isomer ya lutein, itandukanye mu mwanya w'imigozi ibiri mu mpande.
Lutein na zeaxanthinni zo mpande z'ibanze muri retina. Lutein iboneka cyane cyane muri retina yo ku ruhande rw'imbere, mu gihe zeaxanthin yibanda cyane muri macula yo hagati. Ingaruka zo kurindalutein na zeaxanthinKu maso harimo kunoza icyerekezo cyo kureba, gukumira kwangirika kw'amagufwa ajyanye n'imyaka (AMD), indwara ya kataract, glaucoma, no gukumira retinopathy ku bana bato.
Mu 2017, abashakashatsi bo muri Kaminuza ya Jeworujiya basanzelutein na zeaxanthinbigira ingaruka nziza ku buzima bw'ubwonko ku bantu bakuze. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abitabiriye amahugurwa bafite urwego rwo hejuru rw'ubulutein na zeaxanthinyagaragaje imikorere mike y'ubwonko mu gihe yakoraga imirimo yo kwibuka amagambo abiri, bigaragaza ko imikorere y'ubwonko iri hejuru.
Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko Lutemax 2020, inyongera ya lutein ya Omeo, yongereye cyane urugero rwa BDNF (neurotrophic factor ikomoka ku bwonko), poroteyine y'ingenzi igira uruhare mu mikorere y'imitsi, kandi ikaba ingenzi mu gukura no gutandukanya imitsi, kandi ijyana no kongera ubumenyi, kwibuka, n'imikorere y'ubwenge.
(Imiterere y'imiterere ya lutein na zeaxanthin)
3. Igikomoka ku mababi ya Ginkgo (Flavonoids, Terpenoids)
Ginkgo biloba, ubwoko bwonyine bwarokotse mu muryango wa ginkgo, bukunze kwitwa "ibisigazwa by'ibinyabuzima." Amababi n'imbuto byayo bikunze gukoreshwa mu bushakashatsi ku miti kandi ni imwe mu miti karemano ikoreshwa cyane ku isi. Ibinyabutabire bikora mu gishishwa cy'amababi ya ginkgo ahanini ni flavonoids na terpenoids, bifite imiterere nk'ifasha kugabanya ibinure, ingaruka zo kurwanya antioxidant, kunoza kwibuka, kugabanya umunaniro w'amaso, no kurinda umwijima kwangirika.
Igitabo cy’Umuryango w’Abibumbye cyita ku buzima ku bimera bivura kivuga ko ibipimo ngenderwahoginkgoIbikomoka ku mababi bigomba kuba birimo 22-27% bya glycosides za flavonoid na 5-7% bya terpenoids, hamwe n’ibipimo bya aside ya ginkgolic biri munsi ya 5 mg / kg. Mu Buyapani, Ishyirahamwe ry’Ubuzima n’Imirire ryashyizeho amahame ngenderwaho ku bikomoka ku mababi ya ginkgo, bisaba ibipimo bya glycoside ya flavonoid byibuze 24% n’ibipimo bya terpenoid byibuze 6%, hamwe na aside ya ginkgolic iri munsi ya 5 ppm. Ifunguro rya buri munsi risabwa ku bantu bakuru ni hagati ya 60 na 240 mg.
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko kurya igihe kirekire ikinyabutabire cya ginkgo gisanzwe, ugereranije n'ikinyabutabire cya placebo, bishobora kongera cyane imikorere imwe n'imwe yo mu mutwe, harimo no kwibuka neza no kumenya neza ibintu. Byongeye kandi, ikinyabutabire cya ginkgo cyavuzwe ko gitera imbere mu gutembera kw'amaraso mu bwonko no mu mikorere yacyo.
4. DHA
DHA(aside docosahexaenoic) ni aside irike ya omega-3 ifite uruhererekane rurerure rwa polyunsaturated (PUFA). Iboneka mu mafi yo mu nyanja no mu bikomoka kuri yo, cyane cyane amafi afite ibinure, bitanga garama 0.68-1.3 za DHA kuri garama 100. Ibiryo bikomoka ku nyamaswa nk'amagi n'inyama birimo DHA nke. Byongeye kandi, amata y'ibere ry'umuntu n'amata y'izindi nyamaswa na byo birimo DHA. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bagore barenga 2.400 mu bushakashatsi 65 bwagaragaje ko impuzandengo ya DHA mu mashereka ari 0.32% by'uburemere bwose bwa aside irike, kuva kuri 0.06% kugeza kuri 1.4%, aho abatuye ku nkombe z'inyanja ari bo bafite DHA nyinshi mu mashereka.
DHA ifitanye isano n'iterambere ry'ubwonko, imikorere yabwo, n'indwara. Ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwerekana koDHAbishobora kongera uburyo bwo kohereza ubwonko mu maraso, gukura kw'imitsi, imikorere ya synaptic, no kurekura kwa neurotransmitter. Isesengura ryakozwe ku bushakashatsi 15 bwakozwe ku buryo bwa “randomized” ryagaragaje ko gufata 580 mg ya DHA buri munsi byazamuye cyane kwibuka mu gihe cy'ibiza ku bantu bakuru bafite ubuzima bwiza (imyaka 18-90) ndetse n'abafite ikibazo cyo kutamenya neza.
Uburyo DHA ikora burimo: 1) gusubizaho igipimo cya n-3/n-6 PUFA; 2) gukumira ubushyuhe bw'ubwonko bushingiye ku myaka buterwa no gukora cyane kwa selile ya M1 microglial; 3) gukumira imiterere ya A1 astrocyte igabanya ibimenyetso bya A1 nka C3 na S100B; 4) gukumira neza inzira y'ibimenyetso ya proBDNF/p75 idahinduye uburyo bwo gukoresha imikorere ya kinase B ikomoka ku bwonko; na 5) guteza imbere ubuzima bw'imitsi binyuze mu kongera urugero rwa phosphatidylserine, ibyo bikaba byoroshya uburyo membrane ya protein kinase B (Akt) ihinduka no kuyikora.
5. Bifidobacterium MCC1274
Amara, akunze kwitwa "ubwonko bwa kabiri," byagaragaye ko agira imikoranire ikomeye n'ubwonko. Amara, nk'urugingo rufite uburyo bwo kugenda bwigenga, ashobora gukora ku giti cye nta buyobozi bw'ubwonko. Ariko, isano iri hagati y'amara n'ubwonko ikomeza kubungabungwa binyuze mu buryo bw'imitsi bwigenga, ibimenyetso by'imisemburo, na za cytokine, bigakora icyo bita "gut-brain axis".
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko bagiteri zo mu mara zigira uruhare mu kwibumbira kwa poroteyine ya β-amyloid, ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cy'indwara ya Alzheimer. Ugereranyije n'abashinzwe kurwanya indwara z'ubwonko, abarwayi ba Alzheimer bagabanyije ubudasa bw'uturemangingo tw'amara, hamwe n'ubwinshi bwa Bifidobacterium bugabanuka.
Mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bantu bafite ikibazo cyo kutabona neza (MCI), gukoresha Bifidobacterium MCC1274 byazamuye cyane imikorere y’ubwonko mu isuzuma ry’imyitwarire rya Rivermead (RBANS). Amanota mu bice nko kwibuka ako kanya, ubushobozi bwo kubona no kwibuka mu mwanya runaka, gutunganya ibintu mu buryo bugoye, no kwibuka bitinze nabyo byarushijeho kuba byiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-07-2025