Sophora Japonica: Ubutunzi bwimyaka igihumbi mumico nubuvuzi bwabashinwa

Sophora japonica, bakunze kwita igiti cya pagoda, ihagaze nk'imwe mu moko y'ibiti bya kera cyane mu Bushinwa. Amateka yanditse mu mateka ya mbere ya Qin Shan Hai Jing (Classic of Mountain and Sea) yerekana ubwamamare bwayo, avuga interuro nka "Umusozi Shou wuzuye ibiti bya sophora" na "Amashyamba ya Mount Li akungahaye kuri sophora." Izi nkuru zerekana igiti gikura cyane mubushinwa kuva kera.

Nkikimenyetso cyibimera gishinze imizi mumigenzo, sophora yakuze umurage gakondo. Yubahwa kubera isura nziza kandi ifitanye isano no kwinezeza mubuyobozi, byashishikarije ibisekuruza gusoma no kwandika. Mu migenzo ya rubanda, abantu bemeza ko igiti cyirinda imyuka mibi, mu gihe amababi yacyo, indabyo, n'ibiti byacyo byakoreshejwe mu buvuzi gakondo.

Mu 2002, indabyo za sophora (huaihua) n’uduti (huaimi) zemerewe ku mugaragaro na Minisiteri y’ubuzima y’Ubushinwa ko ari ibintu bibiri bigamije gukoresha imiti n’ibiryo (Inyandiko No [2002] 51), ibyo bikaba byashyizwe mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’igihugu cy’ibikoresho bya yao shi tong yuan (ibiryo-by’ubuvuzi bwa homologiya).

Umwirondoro wa Botanika

Izina ry'ubumenyi: Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott

Igiti cyimeza mumuryango wa Fabaceae, sophora igaragaramo igishishwa cyijimye cyijimye, amababi yuzuye, hamwe namababi yimbuto. Impumuro yacyo yoroheje, indabyo-z'umuhondo zirabya mu cyi, zigakurikirwa ninyama zimeze nkamasaro zimanika kumashami.

Ubushinwa bwakiriye amoko abiri y'ibanze: kavukire ya Styphnolobium japonicum (sophora yo mu Bushinwa) hamwe na Robinia pseudoacacia (inzige z'umukara cyangwa “sophora y'amahanga”), yatumijwe mu kinyejana cya 19. Nubwo bisa nkaho bigaragara, biratandukanye mubikorwa - indabyo zinzige zirabura zikoreshwa nkibiryo, mugihe indabyo zubwoko kavukire zifite agaciro gakomeye k’imiti bitewe n’ibinyabuzima byinshi.

Itandukaniro: Indabyo na Bud

Ijambo huaihua na huaimi bivuga ibyiciro bitandukanye byiterambere:

- Huaihua: Indabyo zuzuye

- Huaimi: Amababi y'indabyo adafunguwe

Nubwo ibihe bitandukanye byo gusarura, byombi bikunze guhurizwa hamwe n "indabyo za sophora" mugukoresha bifatika.

-

Gukoresha Amateka Yubuvuzi

Ubuvuzi gakondo bwabashinwa bushyira indabyo za sophora nkibikoresho bikonjesha umwijima. Compendium ya Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu) igira iti: "Indabyo za Sophora zikora ku bigize amaraso ya meridiya ya Yangming na Jueyin, bityo bikavura indwara zifitanye isano."

-

Ubushishozi bugezweho

Ubushakashatsi bwa none bugaragaza ibinyabuzima bisangiwe mu ndabyo no mu mbuto, harimo saponine ya triterpenoid, flavonoide (quercetin, rutin), aside irike, tannine, alkaloide, na polysaccharide. Ibisubizo by'ingenzi:

1. Imbaraga za Antioxydeant

- Flavonoide nka rutin na quercetin yerekana imbaraga zubusa za radical scavenging ubushobozi.

- Imbuto zirimo 20-30% hejuru ya fenolike yose hamwe na flavonoide kuruta indabyo zifunguye.

- Quercetin yerekana ingaruka ziterwa na antioxydeant ikoresheje glutathione igenga no kutabogama kwa ROS.

2. Inkunga yumutima

- Kubuza gukusanya platine (kugabanya ibyago byo guhagarara k'ubwonko) ukoresheje quercetin na rutin.

- Irinda erythrocytes kwangirika kwa okiside, kubungabunga ubuzima bwimitsi.

3. Kurwanya Glycation Ibintu

- Kurwanya glycation yanyuma-ibicuruzwa (AGEs) byakozwe na 76,85% muburyo bwa zebrafish.

- Kurwanya gusaza kwuruhu nibibazo bya diyabete binyuze munzira nyinshi.

4. Ingaruka za Neuroprotective

- Kugabanya uduce twubwonko bwubwonko muri 40-50%.

- Irabuza gukora mikorobe hamwe na cytokine itera umuriro (urugero, IL-1β), kugabanya urupfu rwa neuronal.

Imikorere y'Isoko na Porogaramu

Isoko ryo gukuramo sophora ku isi, rifite agaciro ka miliyoni 202 z'amadolari muri 2025, biteganijwe ko rizagera kuri miliyoni 379 z'amadolari muri 2033 (8.2% CAGR). Kwagura porogaramu igihe:

- Imiti: imiti ya Hemostatike, imiti igabanya ubukana

- Intungamubiri: inyongera ya Antioxydeant, igenzura isukari mu maraso

- Cosmeceuticals: Serumu zirwanya gusaza, amavuta yaka

- Inganda zibiribwa: Ibikoresho bikora, icyayi cyibimera

-

Inguzanyo y'Ishusho: Pixabay

Ibyerekeranye na siyansi:

- Ikinyamakuru cya Ethnopharmacology (2023) ku buryo bwa antioxydeant

- Imipaka muri Pharmacology (2022) irambuye inzira ya neuroprotective

- Isesengura ryisoko ryubwenge (2024) isesengura ryinganda

-

Inyandiko zo Gukwirakwiza:

- Amagambo ya tekiniki yabitswe neza mugihe asubiramo imiterere yinteruro

- Amagambo yamateka yasobanuwe kugirango wirinde gusubiramo amagambo

- Ingingo zamakuru zahujwe nubushakashatsi bwa none

- Imibare yisoko yatanzwe binyuze muburyo butandukanye