Sophora japonica, izwi cyane nka pagoda igiti, ni kimwe mu biti bya kera cyane mu Bushinwa. Inyandiko z'amateka zo muri Shan Hai Jing ya kera yabanjirije Qin (Classic of Mountains and Seas) zigaragaza ko yakwirakwiriye cyane, zigaragaza interuro nka "Mount Shou yuzuye ibiti bya sophora" na "Amashyamba ya Mount Li akungahaye kuri sophora." Izi nkuru zigaragaza ko iki giti cyakuze mu Bushinwa kuva kera.
Nk'ikimenyetso cy'ibimera gishingiye ku muco gakondo, sophora yahinze umurage w'umuco ukomeye. Yibashywe kubera ubwiza bwayo n'uko ifitanye isano n'icyubahiro mu butegetsi, yatumye abantu benshi basoma. Mu migenzo gakondo, igiti cyizewe ko cyirukana imyuka mibi, mu gihe amababi yacyo, indabyo n'ibishishwa byacyo bimaze igihe kinini bikoreshwa mu buvuzi gakondo.
Mu 2002, indabo za sophora (huaihua) n'imbuto (huaimi) byemejwe ku mugaragaro na Minisiteri y'Ubuzima y'Ubushinwa nk'ibintu bifite akamaro gakomeye haba mu buvuzi no mu guteka (Inyandiko No. [2002]51), bigaragaza ko ziri mu itsinda rya mbere ry'ibikoresho bya yao shi tong yuan (ibiryo bihuye n'imiti).
Imiterere y'Ibimera
Izina rya siyansi: Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott
Igiti cy’igiti cy’umukara gikomoka ku mashami, gifite igishishwa cy’umukara wijimye, amababi menshi, n’amababi y’uruvange rw’amapine. Indabyo zacyo zihumura neza, zifite umuhondo uvanze n’amavuta zirabya mu mpeshyi, hanyuma hagakurikiraho uduti dufite inyama, tumeze nk’amasaro, duhagarara ku mashami.
Ubushinwa bufite ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi: Styphnolobium japonicum (sophora y'Abashinwa) na Robinia pseudoacacia (umukara w'inzige cyangwa "umunyamahanga w'inzige"), yazanywe mu kinyejana cya 19. Nubwo isa mu maso, itandukanye mu mikoreshereze yayo—indabyo z'umukara w'inzige zikunze kuryohwa nk'ibiryo, mu gihe indabyo z'ubwoko gakondo zifite agaciro gakomeye mu kuvura bitewe n'ubwinshi bw'ibinyabutabire bikoresha ibinyabuzima.
Itandukaniro: Indabyo vs. Imbuto
Amagambo huaihua na huaimi yerekeza ku byiciro bitandukanye by'iterambere:
- Huaihua: Indabo zuzuye indabyo
- Huaimi: Indabo zidafunguye
Nubwo ibihe byo gusarura bitandukanye, byombi bikunze gushyirwa mu matsinda munsi y'indabyo za "sophora" mu buryo bufatika.
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Uburyo bwo gukoresha mu buvuzi bw'amateka
Ubuvuzi gakondo bw'Abashinwa bushyira indabyo za sophora mu byiciro byo gukonjesha umwijima. Igitabo cyitwa Compendium of Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu) kivuga ko: “Indabyo za Sophora zigira uruhare mu bice by'amaraso bya Yangming na Jueyin meridians, bityo zikavura indwara zifitanye isano nazo.”
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Ubumenyi bwa siyansi bwa none
Ubushakashatsi bwa none bwerekanye ibice bihuriweho mu ndabyo no mu tubuto, harimo triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids (quercetin, rutin), aside irike, tannins, alkaloids, na polysaccharides. Ibyavumbuwe by'ingenzi:
1. Ingufu zirwanya ogisijeni
- Flavonoids nka rutin na quercetin zigaragaza ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gushakisha ibintu bishya.
- Utubuto turimo ingano ya phenolic na flavonoids iri hejuru ya 20-30% kurusha indabyo zifunguye.
- Quercetin igaragaza ingaruka za antioxydants zishingiye ku gipimo binyuze mu kugenzura glutathione no kugabanya ROS.
2. Inkunga y'umutima n'imitsi
- Ibuza guterana kwa platelet (igabanya ibyago byo gucika intege mu mitsi) binyuze muri quercetin na rutin.
- Irinda erythrocytes kwangirika kwa oxidative, ikomeza ubuzima bw'imitsi.
3. Imiterere yo kurwanya Glycation
- Igabanya ubwiyongere bw'ibikomoka ku gazi (AGEs) ku kigero cya 76.85% mu bwoko bwa zebrafish.
- Irwanya gusaza k'uruhu n'ibibazo bya diyabete binyuze mu gukumira indwara nyinshi.
4. Ingaruka zo kurinda ubwonko
- Bigabanya ibice by'ubwonko bitera indwara zo mu bwonko mu bwoko bwa mbeba ku kigero cya 40-50%.
- Ibuza gukora kwa mikorogili no gutuma cytokine zitera ububabare (urugero, IL-1β), ikagabanya urupfu rw'imitsi.
Imiterere y'Isoko n'Ikoreshwa
Isoko ry’ibinyampeke bya sophora ku isi, rifite agaciro ka miliyoni 202 z’amadolari mu 2025, biteganijwe ko rizagera kuri miliyoni 379 z’amadolari mu 2033 (8.2% bya CAGR). Kwagura igihe cyo gukoresha:
- Imiti: Imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, imiti igabanya ubushyuhe
- Nutraceuticals: Inyongeramusaruro zirwanya okisidasiyo, igenzura isukari mu maraso
- Ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru: Seramu zirwanya gusaza, amavuta yo gukamura
- Inganda z'ibiribwa: Ibikoresho bikora, icyayi cy'ibimera
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Ifoto yakuwe kuri: Pixabay
Ingero za siyansi:
- Ikinyamakuru cy’Ubuvuzi bw’Imiterere y ...
- Frontiers in Pharmacology (2022) isobanura neza inzira zo kurinda ubwonko
- Isesengura ry'inganda mu bushakashatsi ku isoko ry'ubwenge (2024)
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Ibisobanuro byo kunoza:
- Amagambo ya tekiniki agumana ubunyangamugayo mu gihe hasubirwamo imiterere y'interuro
- Amagambo y'amateka yahinduwe mu buryo burambuye kugira ngo hirindwe gusubiramo amagambo mu magambo
- Ingingo z'amakuru zasubiwemo hamwe n'inyandiko z'ubushakashatsi bwa none
- Imibare y'isoko igaragazwa binyuze mu buryo butandukanye bwo gushushanya
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-18-2025