Munsi y'ifuro ry'inzoga y'umuhondo hari ubutunzi bw'ibimera budakunze kugaragara. Mu kinyejana cya 9 nyuma ya Yesu, yakoreshwaga nk'ikintu kibungabunga ubuzima karemano n'abakora inzoga b'i Burayi. Muri iki gihe, yabaye igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu gukora inzoga hamwe n'ubusharire n'impumuro yayo yihariye. Ubwoko bw'ikimera ni hops.
1. Hops: Intwaro y'ubumaji yo guteka inzoga
Ishu (Humulus lupulus), izwi kandi nka snake hop, ni ikimera kiramba cyo mu muryango wa Cannabaceae kandi gishobora gukura kugeza kuri metero zirenga 7. Gifite imiterere y’uruti rw’umuhondo, rwitwa cones mu bimera kandi rugizwe n’indabyo z’icyatsi kibisi cyoroshye. Iyo zimaze gukura, uduce tw’uduce tw’umuhondo dutwikiriwe n’udusimba twa anthocyanin dusohora resin n’amavuta y’ingenzi, bigatuma habaho uburyohe n’impumuro yihariye y’ubwoko bwa hop. Ishu zo mu bwoko bwa hop zikunze gukurwa mu mpera za Kanama cyangwa muri Nzeri.
Ibimera bya Hop byakoreshejwe nk'ibimera bivura kuva mu gihe cya kera cya Misiri. Mu gihe cy'Abaroma, ibimera byakoreshwaga mu kuvura indwara z'umwijima n'indwara z'igogora. Kuva mu kinyejana cya 13, ibimera byafatwaga nk'umuti mwiza wo kugabanya umuriro n'indwara z'umugongo mu karere k'Abarabu.
Ikoreshwa rya hops mu nzoga rishobora gukururwa mu Burayi mu kinyejana cya 9 nyuma ya Yesu. Mbere na mbere, byongewe muri inzoga bitewe n’ubushobozi bwazo bwo kubika ibintu kugira ngo byongere igihe cyo kuzibika. Mu gihe cyo hagati, abakora inzoga mu bigo by’abihaye Imana byo mu Budage bavumbuye ko ishobora kuringaniza uburyohe bwa malt, igaha inzoga ububabare bushimishije n’impumuro nziza, bityo ikagira umwanya wayo w’ingenzi mu gukora inzoga. Muri iki gihe, hafi 98% by’inzoga zihingwa zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nganda zikora inzoga, kandi Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni zo zikora hops nyinshi ku isi.
2. Si mu guteka gusa, ahubwo no mu guteka hops bigira akamaro kenshi
Inzoga zo mu bwoko bwa Hops, zifite ubukana n'impumuro yazo yihariye, zabaye ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu gukora inzoga. Ariko, agaciro kazo karenze ibyo.
Ubushakashatsi bwa none bwagaragaje ko hops zirimo aside α (cyane cyane humulone) na aside β (cyane cyane humulone), flavonols (quercetin na kaempferol), flavonoid 3-amavuta (cyane cyane catechins, epicatechins na proanthocyanidins), aside phenolic (aside ferulic), hamwe n'ingano nto ya isoprene flavonoids (aside fulvic). Muri zo, aside alpha na aside beta ni byo bitera ububabare bwa hops.
Gutuza no gufasha gusinzira: Humulone muri hops ishobora gufatana na GABA receptors, ikagabanya imihangayiko no gutuma umuntu asinzira neza. GABA muri hops ishobora kongera imikorere ya GABA neurotransmitter, bityo ikabuza sisitemu yo hagati y'imitsi. Igerageza ryakozwe ku nyamaswa ryerekana ko miligarama 2 z'ikinyabutabire cya hop gishobora kugabanya neza imikorere y'ijoro mu mikorere ya circadian. Muri make, ingaruka zo gutuza za hops ziterwa no kongera imikorere ya GABA receptors, ari zo zituma synaptic ikwirakwira vuba mu bwonko. Muri iki gihe, abantu bakunze guhuza hops na valerian kugira ngo bakore icyayi gituza.
Ingaruka zo kurwanya ogisijeni n'ububyimbirwe: Hops zirimo biomolecules zifite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo kurwanya ogisijeni nka flavonols, rutin (quercetin-3-rutin glycoside), na astragaloside (kanophenol-3-glucoside), zishobora gukumira neza kwangirika kw'ubwoko bwa ogisijeni bukora. Byongeye kandi, xanthol iri muri hops ishobora gukuraho radicals yigenga, ikabuza inzira ya NF-κB, kandi ikagabanya ububyimbirwe buhoraho (nk'imiti ifata amagufwa).
Irwanya mikorobe: Kuva mu Misiri ya kera, ibirayi byakoreshejwe mu kubika ibiryo. Aside α isharira na aside β-iboneka muri ibi birayi bifite imikorere irwanya mikorobe kandi bishobora kubuza gukura kwa mikorobe zitandukanye, harimo Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermococcus, Streptococcus mutans na bagiteri Gram-positive. Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu zatumye inzoga zihora zitekanye kurusha amazi yo kunywa. Uretse kuziha ubushobozi bwo kurwanya mikorobe, aside alpha-ifasha no kubungabunga ifuro ry'inzoga.
Gushyigikira ubuzima bw'abagore: Isoprenylnaringin ya Hop (ikomoka kuri fulminol n'ibiyikomokaho) ishobora kwishyura igabanuka ry'urugero rwa 17-β -estradiol mu gihe cyo gucura. Imyitozo ya Hop ikubiyemo 8-isoprenylnaringin, imwe muri phytoestrogens zikomeye zizwi mu bwami bw'ibimera. Imyitozo ya Hop ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikintu gisanzwe gisimbura phytoestrogens mu gihe cyo gucura ku bagore kugira ngo igabanye ubushyuhe, kudasinzira no guhinduka k'ibyiyumvo. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bagore 63 bwagaragaje ko gukoresha imyitozo ya Hop bishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso by'ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe bikomoka ku gucura.
Kurinda imitsi: Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko hop terpenes zishobora kwinjira mu ruzitiro rw'amaraso n'ubwonko, zikarinda imitsi, zigatanga uburinzi bwo kurwanya ububyimbirwe ku bwonko, kandi zikagabanya stress ya oxidative. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko aside ya hop isoalphaic ishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kwibuka bushingiye ku maraso n'imikorere y'ubwonko ijyanye na hippocampal binyuze mu gukora dopamine neural transmission. Aside isharira iri muri hop ishobora kongera imikorere y'ubwonko binyuze mu buryo buterwa no kohereza norepinephrine neurotransmission. Aside ya Hop isoalphaic ishobora kugabanya ububyimbirwe bw'ubwonko n'uburibwe bw'ubwonko mu ndwara zitandukanye ziterwa n'imbeba, harimo n'indwara ya Alzheimer.
3. Gukoresha hops
Amakuru ya Mordor agaragaza ko isoko rya hop ringana na miliyari 9.18 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu 2025 kandi biteganijwe ko rizagera kuri miliyari 12.69 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu 2030, hamwe n'igipimo cy'izamuka ry'ibiciro ku mwaka cya 6.70% mu gihe cy'iteganyagihe (2025-2030). Bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ikoreshwa ry'inzoga, icyerekezo cy'inzoga z'ubukorikori ndetse n'iterambere ry'ubwoko bushya bw'inzoga z'ubukorikori, isoko rya hop ryitezwe gukomeza kwiyongera.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-24-2025